WHICH ARE THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED REGIONS IN THE WORLD? Why?
The occident. Because in the map, it is the most spread region.
WHICH ARE THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRIES?
India, China and Russia.
Is all territory densely populated?
China: The most populated regions are Shangai, Hong Kong, Beijing, Chengdu, Chongking.
India: Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Myderabad, Chennai.
Russia: Moscow, Nobo Sivirsk, Vladivostok, Sankt-Petesburg, Volgograd.
lunes, 24 de mayo de 2010
Spread of the potato
The potato spread started in Peru, and it spread in America, to the South and to the North.Then the potato spread into Spain by the Spanish invasion in South America in the 1500s.
In the 1600s the potato appeared in Africa and Japan. In 1769, the potato spread into New Zealand.
I think that the potato spread very quickly in all the world.
In the 1600s the potato appeared in Africa and Japan. In 1769, the potato spread into New Zealand.
I think that the potato spread very quickly in all the world.
Charles V and the Holy Roman Empire
Where was born Charles V?
He was born in Ghent on February 24, 1500.
Could Charles V make decisions alone?
No, he work with other people too.
Whose approval did he need before increasing taxes, for example?
The decisions about taxes needed the approval of the Parliments of each kingdom.
Who were the children of Charles I?
Felipe II of Spain, Maria de Hasburgo, Fernando, Juana de austria and Juan.
Who ruled each territory in the king’s name?
A viceroy or governor
Why did the king need to ask for loans?Because the taxes alone were not enough to finance his policies.
Why did Charles V have problems with France?
Because France was his main rival for supremacy in Europe.
The main battles against France: He said four wars with Francis I of France, who also aspired to the imperial crown, and that Charles demanded the return of Burgundy.
*In the first war (1521-1526), France, seized Milan and helped Henry II to restore the Kingdom of Navarre, after its conquest in 1512.
*In the second war (1526-1529) the imperial troops stormed and sacked Rome (Sack of Rome), forcing Pope Clement VII, an ally of Francis I, after the League of Cognac ", to take refuge in the Castel Sant'Angelo.
*The third (1535-1538) was produced by the French invasion of the Duchy of Savoy, an ally of Spain, with the intention to continue to Milan.
*The fourth (1542-1544) ended because of renewed conflict with the Protestants in Germany.
Why were the Ottoman Turks his rivals?
They were a constant threat in the Mediterranean and along the eastern boundary of The Holy Roman Empire.
The main battles against the Ottoman Empire: The Battle of Mohacs
He was born in Ghent on February 24, 1500.
Could Charles V make decisions alone?
No, he work with other people too.
Whose approval did he need before increasing taxes, for example?
The decisions about taxes needed the approval of the Parliments of each kingdom.
Who were the children of Charles I?
Felipe II of Spain, Maria de Hasburgo, Fernando, Juana de austria and Juan.
Who ruled each territory in the king’s name?
A viceroy or governor
Why did the king need to ask for loans?Because the taxes alone were not enough to finance his policies.
Why did Charles V have problems with France?
Because France was his main rival for supremacy in Europe.
The main battles against France: He said four wars with Francis I of France, who also aspired to the imperial crown, and that Charles demanded the return of Burgundy.
*In the first war (1521-1526), France, seized Milan and helped Henry II to restore the Kingdom of Navarre, after its conquest in 1512.
*In the second war (1526-1529) the imperial troops stormed and sacked Rome (Sack of Rome), forcing Pope Clement VII, an ally of Francis I, after the League of Cognac ", to take refuge in the Castel Sant'Angelo.
*The third (1535-1538) was produced by the French invasion of the Duchy of Savoy, an ally of Spain, with the intention to continue to Milan.
*The fourth (1542-1544) ended because of renewed conflict with the Protestants in Germany.
Why were the Ottoman Turks his rivals?
They were a constant threat in the Mediterranean and along the eastern boundary of The Holy Roman Empire.
The main battles against the Ottoman Empire: The Battle of Mohacs
Martin Luther and the German Reformation
1. (a) Describe the event that is taking place in the source
shown on the right.
Martin Luther is writing something on the door of a Church or Cathedral.
(b)Mention one immediate consequence of this event.
I think he is showing a new cathedral or church.
1. Explain the following terms:
(a)justification by faith: Martin Luther discovered the first Bible
(b) indulgences: Documents issued by the Pope to pardon sins for money
(c) Papal bull: Through his bulls, popes have been declaring their willingness to their faithful.
(d) excommunicated: Pope denied the right to take the Holy Host
(e) heretic: they were persecuted by the Inquisition
(f) clerical celibacy: Not being married and in the use of the Church, a commitment not to marry. The Church makes a distinction between celibacy lay and ecclesiastical celibacy. In both cases, freely chosen, for religious reasons, not married.
2. Write briefly four important landmarks in the life of Martin Luther.
The excommunication
The justification by faith
Counter-reformation
1. Why was the Council of Trent summoned? It was to stop the Protestant movement and improve conditions in the church.
2. Identify three conclusions reached at this Council.
(a) New ways of spreding Catholicism
(b) New religious orders were former
(c)They formed the Society of Jesus
3. Name five countries in Europe where the Counter-Reformation was successful and one country
where it was not.
(a) Successful in: Spain, France, Italy, Germany and
(b) Unsuccessful in: England and Scotland.
shown on the right.
Martin Luther is writing something on the door of a Church or Cathedral.
(b)Mention one immediate consequence of this event.
I think he is showing a new cathedral or church.
1. Explain the following terms:
(a)justification by faith: Martin Luther discovered the first Bible
(b) indulgences: Documents issued by the Pope to pardon sins for money
(c) Papal bull: Through his bulls, popes have been declaring their willingness to their faithful.
(d) excommunicated: Pope denied the right to take the Holy Host
(e) heretic: they were persecuted by the Inquisition
(f) clerical celibacy: Not being married and in the use of the Church, a commitment not to marry. The Church makes a distinction between celibacy lay and ecclesiastical celibacy. In both cases, freely chosen, for religious reasons, not married.
2. Write briefly four important landmarks in the life of Martin Luther.
The excommunication
The justification by faith
Counter-reformation
1. Why was the Council of Trent summoned? It was to stop the Protestant movement and improve conditions in the church.
2. Identify three conclusions reached at this Council.
(a) New ways of spreding Catholicism
(b) New religious orders were former
(c)They formed the Society of Jesus
3. Name five countries in Europe where the Counter-Reformation was successful and one country
where it was not.
(a) Successful in: Spain, France, Italy, Germany and
(b) Unsuccessful in: England and Scotland.
domingo, 23 de mayo de 2010
VOCABULARY
UNIT 7
Marco Polo: He was a navegator who made a lot of journeys to discovered the world
Technical advances: They were the portulan charts, the navigational instruments and ships
Portulan Charts: They were new maps that showed the coastline and any obstacles
Compass: it was a new navigational instrument which marked the north
astrolabe: It is a historical astronomical instrumentused by astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars; determining local time
Quadrant: A quadrant is an instrument that is used to measure angles up to 90°.
Caravels: A 'caravel' is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by thePortuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean.
Prince Henry the Navigator: was an infante (prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations.
Bartolomeu Dias: He rounded the Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama: He reached India
Christopher Columbus: He was a Genoese sailor
Ferdinand Magallan: He captained the Magellan's expedition.
Juan Sebastian Elcano: He was the second-in-command
Overseas empires: great empires
Treaty of Tordesillas: unexplored regions were divided by this.
Indigenous population of America
UNIT 8
The plague: it was a illness which died more than a cuarter of the population. It broke in Europe in 1348.
The Black Death: is the same
Bourgueoisie: they were very influential too it was made up of rich and powerfull merchants.
bureaucracy: it was a centralised administration which depended directly on the monarch.
army: it was trops were paid by the monarch and followed his orders.
diplomatic: it was a system to maintain relation with oder countrys
autoritarian monarchies: they were formed by the monarchs.
Ivan the Great: he unified Rusia. He annexed new territories and made himself emperor
Henry VIII: he increased royal power in the early 16 century in England.
Charles VII: he unified France and consolidated their power.
Francis I: he helped Charles VII to unified France.
Catholic Monarchs: they were Isabella and Ferdinand. They governed the territories.
Holy brotherhood: a judicial police force to fight against bandins and the abuses of the nobility.
Royal Council: it was the highest judicial body.
Corregidores: they established royal authority in the towns.
Treasury: it was the system which controlled the paid and finances.
Tribunal of the Inquisition: they prosecuted the heretics.
conversos: they were Jews who became to christiany.
Mudejares: they were spanish muslims who lived in Spain
Moriscos: muslims who converted to christianity.
Marco Polo: He was a navegator who made a lot of journeys to discovered the world
Technical advances: They were the portulan charts, the navigational instruments and ships
Portulan Charts: They were new maps that showed the coastline and any obstacles
Compass: it was a new navigational instrument which marked the north
astrolabe: It is a historical astronomical instrumentused by astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars; determining local time
Quadrant: A quadrant is an instrument that is used to measure angles up to 90°.
Caravels: A 'caravel' is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by thePortuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean.
Prince Henry the Navigator: was an infante (prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations.
Bartolomeu Dias: He rounded the Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama: He reached India
Christopher Columbus: He was a Genoese sailor
Ferdinand Magallan: He captained the Magellan's expedition.
Juan Sebastian Elcano: He was the second-in-command
Overseas empires: great empires
Treaty of Tordesillas: unexplored regions were divided by this.
Indigenous population of America
UNIT 8
The plague: it was a illness which died more than a cuarter of the population. It broke in Europe in 1348.
The Black Death: is the same
Bourgueoisie: they were very influential too it was made up of rich and powerfull merchants.
bureaucracy: it was a centralised administration which depended directly on the monarch.
army: it was trops were paid by the monarch and followed his orders.
diplomatic: it was a system to maintain relation with oder countrys
autoritarian monarchies: they were formed by the monarchs.
Ivan the Great: he unified Rusia. He annexed new territories and made himself emperor
Henry VIII: he increased royal power in the early 16 century in England.
Charles VII: he unified France and consolidated their power.
Francis I: he helped Charles VII to unified France.
Catholic Monarchs: they were Isabella and Ferdinand. They governed the territories.
Holy brotherhood: a judicial police force to fight against bandins and the abuses of the nobility.
Royal Council: it was the highest judicial body.
Corregidores: they established royal authority in the towns.
Treasury: it was the system which controlled the paid and finances.
Tribunal of the Inquisition: they prosecuted the heretics.
conversos: they were Jews who became to christiany.
Mudejares: they were spanish muslims who lived in Spain
Moriscos: muslims who converted to christianity.
complete the information in these works
Auteur: Raphael
Work: The Holy Family with a lamb
Type of work: oil
Function or Subject: Religion. The Virgin Mary helps the baby Jesus riding on a lamb under the gaze of San Jose.
Decoration or Characteristics: The colors and brushstrokes are a very good match to the original.
Auteur: Donatello
Work: Statue of David
Type of work: bronze statue
Function or Subject: The statue shows the David's victory on Goliat.
Decoration or Characteristics: the first freestanding nude male sculpture
Auteur: Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera.
Work: The Monastery of el Escorial
Type of work: It's make by granite
Function or Subject: The king Philiph II gave the orders to construct the monastery to commemorate the victory of San Quintin's battle on the frenchmen on August 10, 1557.
Decoration or Characteristics: The monastery of El Escorial looks like an enormous horizontal, closed an hermetic structure splashed by the vertical accents of the towers that surround the central dome.
miércoles, 7 de abril de 2010
LEONARDO DA VINCI
Leonardo da Vinci fue un pintor del siglo XV. Su infancia fue muy dura, ya que su padre se casó muchas veces y nunca tuvo un ejemplo de madre. Y él en vez de rendirse, siguio a delante y llegó a ser un gran pintor del siglo XV.
THE INFORMATION IN THESE WORKS
THE HOLY FAMILY WITH A LAMB
Auteur: Raphael.
Work: Painting.
Type of work: Is a oilpainting
Funcion or subject: The Virgin Mary helps the Child Jesus to mount on a lamb under the look of San Jose.
Decoration or Characteristics: The colors and brushstrokes are a very good match to the original.
THE STATUE OF DAVID
Auteur: Donatello.
Work: Statue.
Type of work: Bronze statue.
Function or Subject: The statue shows the David's victory on Goliat.
Decoration or Characteristics: Donatello shows a teen David, with the foot on Goliat's head, which has just cut with the own sword of his enemy and which david still holds in right hand, with another hand he supports the stone with the one that hurt Goliat.
THE MONASTERY OF EL ESCORIAL
Auteur: Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera.
Work: Is a monastery.
Type of work: A monastery by granite.
Function or Subject: The king Philiph II gave the orders to construct the monastery to commemorate the victory of San Quintin's battle on the frenchmen on August 10, 1557.
Decoration and Characteristics: Contemplated from out, the monastery of El Escorial looks like an enormous horizontal, closed an hermetic structure splashed by the vertical accents of the towers that surround the central dome.
Auteur: Raphael.
Work: Painting.
Type of work: Is a oilpainting
Funcion or subject: The Virgin Mary helps the Child Jesus to mount on a lamb under the look of San Jose.
Decoration or Characteristics: The colors and brushstrokes are a very good match to the original.
THE STATUE OF DAVID
Auteur: Donatello.
Work: Statue.
Type of work: Bronze statue.
Function or Subject: The statue shows the David's victory on Goliat.
Decoration or Characteristics: Donatello shows a teen David, with the foot on Goliat's head, which has just cut with the own sword of his enemy and which david still holds in right hand, with another hand he supports the stone with the one that hurt Goliat.
THE MONASTERY OF EL ESCORIAL
Auteur: Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera.
Work: Is a monastery.
Type of work: A monastery by granite.
Function or Subject: The king Philiph II gave the orders to construct the monastery to commemorate the victory of San Quintin's battle on the frenchmen on August 10, 1557.
Decoration and Characteristics: Contemplated from out, the monastery of El Escorial looks like an enormous horizontal, closed an hermetic structure splashed by the vertical accents of the towers that surround the central dome.
jueves, 11 de marzo de 2010
King Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII was a significant figure in the history of the English monarchy. Although in the great part of his reign he brutally suppressed the influence of the Protestant Reformation in England, a movement having some roots with John Wycliffe in the 14th century, he is more popularly known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Romeº ultimately led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
POWER AND AUTHORITY
Financially, the reign of Henry was a near-disaster. After inheriting a prosperous economy (augmented by seizures of church lands) heavy spending and high taxes damaged the economy.
For example, Henry expanded the Royal Navy from 5 to 53 ships. He loved palaces; he began with a dozen and died with fifty-five, in which he hung 2,000 tapestries. He took pride in showing off his collection of weapons, which included exotic archery equipment, 2,250 pieces of land ordnance and 6,500 handguns.
From 1514 to 1529 Thomas Wolsey (1473–1530), a Catholic cardinal, served as lord chancellor and practically controlled domestic and foreign policy for the young king. He negotiated the truce with France that was signaled by the dramatic display of amity on the Field of the Cloth of Gold (1520). He switched England back and forth as an ally of France and the Holy Roman Empire. Wolsey centralized the national government and extended the jurisdiction of the conciliar courts, particularly the Star Chamber. His use of forced loans to pay for foreign wars angered the rich, who were annoyed as well by his enormous wealth and ostentatious living. Wolsey disappointed the king when he failed to secure a quick divorce from Queen Katherine. The treasury was empty after years of extravagance; the peers and people were dissatisfied and Henry needed an entirely new approach; Wolsey had to be replaced. After 16 years at the top he lost power in 1529 and in 1530 was arrested on false charges of treason and died in custody. Henry then took full control of his government.
THE WIVES
The wives of Henry VIII were the six queen consorts married to Henry VIII of England between 1509 and 1547.
The six wives (queens consort) of King Henry VIII were, in order: Catherine of Aragon (annulled), Anne Boleyn (annulled then beheaded), Jane Seymour (died, childbed fever). Anne of Cleves (annulled), Katherine Howard (annulled then beheaded), and Catherine Parr. Because annulment legally voids a marriage, technically speaking Henry would have said he had only 2 "wives", but his marriage to Queen Catherine of Aragon was declared legal and valid during the reign of his daughter Queen Mary I. It is often noted that Catherine Parr "survived him"; in fact Anne of Cleves also survived the king and was the last of his queens to die. Of the six queens, Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn and Jane Seymour each gave Henry one child who survived infancy—two daughters and one son, all three of whom would eventually accede to the throne. They were Queen Mary I, Queen Elizabeth I, and King Edward VI.
LA PESTE NEGRA
LA PESTE NEGRA
Conocemos con el nombre de Peste Negra, a la gran epidemia que desde 1347 a 1350 azotó a casi todo el continente europeo. A juzgar por la inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos que producía, se trató de una epidemia de Peste Bubónica. Para algunos tratadistas antiguos existieron desde el punto de vista médico otras variantes: La peste septicémica, que dejaba sentir sus efectos sobre la sangre, y la neumónica, que producía inflamación pulmonar. Si bien era posible que en algunas ocasiones el enfermo se recuperase de la primera, las otras resultaban casi siempre mortales.
TIPOS DE PESTE
La peste pulmonar: ocurre cuando la Yersinia pestis infecta los pulmones.
La peste bubónica: es la peste más común . Esto ocurre cuando una pulga infectada pica a una persona o cuando ésta se infecta con materiales contaminados que entran por algún corte en la piel.
La peste septicémica : ocurre cuando la bacteria de la peste se multiplica en la sangre por sí sola o a consecuencia de una complicación de la peste pulmonar o bubónica.
Transmisión en inglés
Conocemos con el nombre de Peste Negra, a la gran epidemia que desde 1347 a 1350 azotó a casi todo el continente europeo. A juzgar por la inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos que producía, se trató de una epidemia de Peste Bubónica. Para algunos tratadistas antiguos existieron desde el punto de vista médico otras variantes: La peste septicémica, que dejaba sentir sus efectos sobre la sangre, y la neumónica, que producía inflamación pulmonar. Si bien era posible que en algunas ocasiones el enfermo se recuperase de la primera, las otras resultaban casi siempre mortales.
TIPOS DE PESTE
La peste pulmonar: ocurre cuando la Yersinia pestis infecta los pulmones.
La peste bubónica: es la peste más común . Esto ocurre cuando una pulga infectada pica a una persona o cuando ésta se infecta con materiales contaminados que entran por algún corte en la piel.
La peste septicémica : ocurre cuando la bacteria de la peste se multiplica en la sangre por sí sola o a consecuencia de una complicación de la peste pulmonar o bubónica.
Transmisión en inglés
VOCABULARY (untit 5 & 6)
UNIT 5
1 Ummayad: Family that run away in 750.
2 Caliphate of Damascus: The capital of island territories.
3 Caliphate of Cordoba: Was the most brilliant period of Damascus.
4 Al-Andalus: Were the territories in the power of the Muslims.
5 Jews: people that play an important role in the economy.
6 Emirate: Territory governed by the king.
7 Emir: Was the goverment of the emirate.
8 Walis: Was governors, who controlled the provinces.
9 Visir: Was a minister.
10 Hayib: Was the primer minister.
11 Raids: they was used to obtain prisioners in the Caliphate of Cordoba.
12 Taifas: Small kingdoms into the Muslims kindoms was divided.
13 Parias: Taxes paid by the taifas.
14 Almoravids: Warriors berbers from the north of Africa.
15 Almohads: Warriors berbers from the nprth of Africa.
16 Battle of Navas de Tolosa: battle produced in 1212 and the muslims lost.
17 Nasrid Kingdom: Was formed by the nasrid family.
18 Dinar: money of gold.
19 Dirhem: money of silver.
20 Arabs: Were the descendants of the conquerors.
21 Berbers: Warriors of the north of Africa.
22 Muladies: Muslims who adopted the religion language and costums of Islam.
23 Mozarabs: christians who continuedo to practise their religion.
24 Medina: Was the main area or old city.
25 Aljama: Was the main mosque.
26 Mosque: Was a place where the muslims went to pray.
27 Arrabales: Were worker's districts, where the craft workshops were located.
28 Alcázar: The centre of political life.
29 Souk: Was the market, a place where social and economic life was centred.
30 Alhóndigas: Large warehouses, where the merchants kept their goods.
31 Averroes: Was an islam intellectual.
32 Maimonides: Was an islam intellectual.
33 Horseshoe arches: Were the arches used in the islamic architecture.
34 Plasterwork: Was used to decorate the islamic buildings.
UNIT 6
1 Reconquest: Was produced when the Christians conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
2 Kingdom of Asturias: Was originated by the Christians in Cantabria, defeated by Pelayo.
3 Kingdom of León: Was originated whenthe capital of the kingdom of asturias was moved to
Leon.
4 Aragonese counties: Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.
5 Catalan counties: Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.
6 Pelayo: Was chosed by the visigoths as their king.
7 Battle of Covadonga: Was produced in 722.
8 Alfonso III: Was regined when the Battle of Covadonga was produced.
9 Fernán González: Was governed when Castile was divided.
10 Spanish March: Was formed by the Pyrenean within the Carolingian Empire.
11 Carolingian Empire: Was dissolved in the 9th century.
12 Sancho III the Great: became the most powerful Cjristian king on the Peninsula.
13 Wilfred the Hairy: Was the person who united the Catalan counties.
14 Beatus: Is a famous example of the mozarabic art.
15 Mozarabic art: Was the art wich emerged in the Christian kingdoms in the 10th century.
16 Mudejar art: Was emerged in the 12th in Sahagún, Leon.
17 Asturian art: Developed near of Oviedo between the 8th and 10th centuries.
18 Repopulation: Was produced when the Christians kingdoms advanced from de Duero valley
19 Fueros: Was privileges the kings gave to the towns.
20 Military orders: Created the feudal estates.
21 Mudejars: Where Muslims who remained in Christian territory.
22 Alfonso VI: He conquered Toledo, the Tajo valley and a part of Andalusia.
23 Ferdinand III: Was the person who united Castile and Leon in 1230.
24 Cortes: Their function was to approve or reject new taxes.
25 Honourable Council of the Mesta: was creates in 1273 to discuss the problem of the sheeps.
26 Alfonso I the Battler: Was the first king of Aragon.
27 James I the Conqueror: He took Valencia, Alicante, Murcia and the Balearic islands.
28 Generalitat: An institution which defended the rights of individuals in Aragon.
1 Ummayad: Family that run away in 750.
2 Caliphate of Damascus: The capital of island territories.
3 Caliphate of Cordoba: Was the most brilliant period of Damascus.
4 Al-Andalus: Were the territories in the power of the Muslims.
5 Jews: people that play an important role in the economy.
6 Emirate: Territory governed by the king.
7 Emir: Was the goverment of the emirate.
8 Walis: Was governors, who controlled the provinces.
9 Visir: Was a minister.
10 Hayib: Was the primer minister.
11 Raids: they was used to obtain prisioners in the Caliphate of Cordoba.
12 Taifas: Small kingdoms into the Muslims kindoms was divided.
13 Parias: Taxes paid by the taifas.
14 Almoravids: Warriors berbers from the north of Africa.
15 Almohads: Warriors berbers from the nprth of Africa.
16 Battle of Navas de Tolosa: battle produced in 1212 and the muslims lost.
17 Nasrid Kingdom: Was formed by the nasrid family.
18 Dinar: money of gold.
19 Dirhem: money of silver.
20 Arabs: Were the descendants of the conquerors.
21 Berbers: Warriors of the north of Africa.
22 Muladies: Muslims who adopted the religion language and costums of Islam.
23 Mozarabs: christians who continuedo to practise their religion.
24 Medina: Was the main area or old city.
25 Aljama: Was the main mosque.
26 Mosque: Was a place where the muslims went to pray.
27 Arrabales: Were worker's districts, where the craft workshops were located.
28 Alcázar: The centre of political life.
29 Souk: Was the market, a place where social and economic life was centred.
30 Alhóndigas: Large warehouses, where the merchants kept their goods.
31 Averroes: Was an islam intellectual.
32 Maimonides: Was an islam intellectual.
33 Horseshoe arches: Were the arches used in the islamic architecture.
34 Plasterwork: Was used to decorate the islamic buildings.
UNIT 6
1 Reconquest: Was produced when the Christians conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
2 Kingdom of Asturias: Was originated by the Christians in Cantabria, defeated by Pelayo.
3 Kingdom of León: Was originated whenthe capital of the kingdom of asturias was moved to
Leon.
4 Aragonese counties: Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.
5 Catalan counties: Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.
6 Pelayo: Was chosed by the visigoths as their king.
7 Battle of Covadonga: Was produced in 722.
8 Alfonso III: Was regined when the Battle of Covadonga was produced.
9 Fernán González: Was governed when Castile was divided.
10 Spanish March: Was formed by the Pyrenean within the Carolingian Empire.
11 Carolingian Empire: Was dissolved in the 9th century.
12 Sancho III the Great: became the most powerful Cjristian king on the Peninsula.
13 Wilfred the Hairy: Was the person who united the Catalan counties.
14 Beatus: Is a famous example of the mozarabic art.
15 Mozarabic art: Was the art wich emerged in the Christian kingdoms in the 10th century.
16 Mudejar art: Was emerged in the 12th in Sahagún, Leon.
17 Asturian art: Developed near of Oviedo between the 8th and 10th centuries.
18 Repopulation: Was produced when the Christians kingdoms advanced from de Duero valley
19 Fueros: Was privileges the kings gave to the towns.
20 Military orders: Created the feudal estates.
21 Mudejars: Where Muslims who remained in Christian territory.
22 Alfonso VI: He conquered Toledo, the Tajo valley and a part of Andalusia.
23 Ferdinand III: Was the person who united Castile and Leon in 1230.
24 Cortes: Their function was to approve or reject new taxes.
25 Honourable Council of the Mesta: was creates in 1273 to discuss the problem of the sheeps.
26 Alfonso I the Battler: Was the first king of Aragon.
27 James I the Conqueror: He took Valencia, Alicante, Murcia and the Balearic islands.
28 Generalitat: An institution which defended the rights of individuals in Aragon.
miércoles, 24 de febrero de 2010
Marco Polo´s Journey
In 1271, Marco Polo began a journey that world last 24 years and take him more than 24.000 miles, through the bleak deserts and rugged mountains of the middle east and central Asia, to china and the court of Khubilai Khan.
lunes, 15 de febrero de 2010
THE MESTA
Mi opinión: Me parece que la mesta era una asociación buena para la ganaderia. Pero como todo, también tiene una parte mala; La mesta era la asociacion con mas poder, y por ello, las demás personas no podían cultivar sus tierras, ya que la ganaderia le comía los cultivos.
jueves, 4 de febrero de 2010
ORDEN CRONOLÓGICO DE LA VIDA DEL CID
| ORDEN | CRONOLÓGICO | DE | LA | VIDA | DEL CID | CAMPEADOR | |
| 1043 | 1058 | 1066 | 1067 | 1081 | 1089 | 1097 | 1099 |
| Nacimiento | Se queda huérfano | Se hizo campeador | Es conocido como El Cid | Es desterrado de castilla | Lo destierran de castilla por 2ª vez | Matan a su hijo (Diego) | Se muere |
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