VOCABULARY

UNIT 7


Marco Polo: He was a navegator who made a lot of journeys to discovered the world
Technical advances: They were the portulan charts, the navigational instruments and ships
Portulan Charts: They were new maps that showed the coastline and any obstacles
Compass: it was a new navigational instrument which marked the north
astrolabe: It is a historical astronomical instrumentused by astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars; determining local time
Quadrant: A quadrant is an instrument that is used to measure angles up to 90°.
Caravels: A 'caravel' is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by thePortuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean.
Prince Henry the Navigator: was an infante (prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations.
Bartolomeu Dias: He rounded the Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gama: He reached India
Christopher Columbus: He was a Genoese sailor
Ferdinand Magallan: He captained the Magellan's expedition.
Juan Sebastian Elcano: He was the second-in-command
Overseas empires: great empires
Treaty of Tordesillas: unexplored regions were divided by this.
Indigenous population of America


UNIT 8

The plague: it was a illness which died more than a cuarter of the population. It broke in Europe in 1348.
The Black Death: is the same
Bourgueoisie: they were very influential too it was made up of rich and powerfull merchants.
bureaucracy: it was a centralised administration which depended directly on the monarch.
army: it was trops were paid by the monarch and followed his orders.
diplomatic: it was a system to maintain relation with oder countrys
autoritarian monarchies: they were formed by the monarchs.
Ivan the Great: he unified Rusia. He annexed new territories and made himself emperor
Henry VIII: he increased royal power in the early 16 century in England.
Charles VII: he unified France and consolidated their power.
Francis I: he helped Charles VII to unified France.
Catholic Monarchs: they were Isabella and Ferdinand. They governed the territories.
Holy brotherhood: a judicial police force to fight against bandins and the abuses of the nobility.
Royal Council: it was the highest judicial body.
Corregidores: they established royal authority in the towns.
Treasury: it was the system which controlled the paid and finances.
Tribunal of the Inquisition: they prosecuted the heretics.
conversos: they were Jews who became to christiany.
Mudejares: they were spanish muslims who lived in Spain
Moriscos: muslims who converted to christianity.