VOCABULARY (untit 5 & 6)

UNIT 5

1 Ummayad: Family that run away in 750.

2 Caliphate of Damascus: The capital of island territories.

3 Caliphate of Cordoba: Was the most brilliant period of Damascus.

4 Al-Andalus: Were the territories in the power of the Muslims.

5 Jews: people that play an important role in the economy.

6 Emirate: Territory governed by the king.

7 Emir: Was the goverment of the emirate.

8 Walis: Was governors, who controlled the provinces.

9 Visir: Was a minister.

10 Hayib: Was the primer minister.

11 Raids: they was used to obtain prisioners in the Caliphate of Cordoba.

12 Taifas: Small kingdoms into the Muslims kindoms was divided.

13 Parias: Taxes paid by the taifas.

14 Almoravids: Warriors berbers from the north of Africa.

15 Almohads: Warriors berbers from the nprth of Africa.

16 Battle of Navas de Tolosa: battle produced in 1212 and the muslims lost.

17 Nasrid Kingdom: Was formed by the nasrid family.

18 Dinar: money of gold.

19 Dirhem: money of silver.

20 Arabs: Were the descendants of the conquerors.

21 Berbers: Warriors of the north of Africa.

22 Muladies: Muslims who adopted the religion language and costums of Islam.

23 Mozarabs: christians who continuedo to practise their religion.

24 Medina: Was the main area or old city.

25 Aljama: Was the main mosque.

26 Mosque: Was a place where the muslims went to pray.

27 Arrabales: Were worker's districts, where the craft workshops were located.

28 Alcázar: The centre of political life.

29 Souk: Was the market, a place where social and economic life was centred.

30 Alhóndigas: Large warehouses, where the merchants kept their goods.

31 Averroes: Was an islam intellectual.

32 Maimonides: Was an islam intellectual.

33 Horseshoe arches: Were the arches used in the islamic architecture.

34 Plasterwork: Was used to decorate the islamic buildings.



UNIT 6

1 Reconquest: Was produced when the Christians conquered the Iberian Peninsula.

2 Kingdom of Asturias: Was originated by the Christians in Cantabria, defeated by Pelayo.

3 Kingdom of León: Was originated whenthe capital of the kingdom of asturias was moved to
Leon.

4 Aragonese counties: Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.

5 Catalan counties: Was formed when the Carolingian Empire was divided.

6 Pelayo: Was chosed by the visigoths as their king.

7 Battle of Covadonga: Was produced in 722.

8 Alfonso III: Was regined when the Battle of Covadonga was produced.

9 Fernán González: Was governed when Castile was divided.

10 Spanish March: Was formed by the Pyrenean within the Carolingian Empire.

11 Carolingian Empire: Was dissolved in the 9th century.

12 Sancho III the Great: became the most powerful Cjristian king on the Peninsula.

13 Wilfred the Hairy: Was the person who united the Catalan counties.

14 Beatus: Is a famous example of the mozarabic art.

15 Mozarabic art: Was the art wich emerged in the Christian kingdoms in the 10th century.

16 Mudejar art: Was emerged in the 12th in Sahagún, Leon.

17 Asturian art: Developed near of Oviedo between the 8th and 10th centuries.

18 Repopulation: Was produced when the Christians kingdoms advanced from de Duero valley

19 Fueros: Was privileges the kings gave to the towns.

20 Military orders: Created the feudal estates.

21 Mudejars: Where Muslims who remained in Christian territory.

22 Alfonso VI: He conquered Toledo, the Tajo valley and a part of Andalusia.

23 Ferdinand III: Was the person who united Castile and Leon in 1230.

24 Cortes: Their function was to approve or reject new taxes.

25 Honourable Council of the Mesta: was creates in 1273 to discuss the problem of the sheeps.

26 Alfonso I the Battler: Was the first king of Aragon.

27 James I the Conqueror: He took Valencia, Alicante, Murcia and the Balearic islands.

28 Generalitat: An institution which defended the rights of individuals in Aragon.